<p><i><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Insights in this post are provided by Dutch Passion.<span> </span></span></i><a href="https://dutch-passion.com/en/blog/what-are-cannabis-flavonoids-and-what-do-they-do-n1153" data-mce-href="https://dutch-passion.com/en/blog/what-are-cannabis-flavonoids-and-what-do-they-do-n1153"><i><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Read the full article.</span></i></a></p>
<p data-mce-fragment="1">Imagine the plant kingdom as a colorful art piece. The artist behind it? Flavonoids. These naturally occurring organic compounds, present in numerous plant species including cannabis, bestow stunning hues upon plants, but their role isn't merely aesthetic. Flavonoids are part of an elite group of biologically active compounds called phytochemicals, where they perform alongside their equally intriguing counterparts: terpenes and cannabinoids.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">The variety of flavonoids compounds is vast, with dozens believed to exist, each bearing slightly different chemical structures. The name "flavonoids" comes from the word flavone, a prominent type of these compounds that is fundamental to the structure of many others. </span></p>
<h2><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoids: Organic compounds naturally synthesized in plant growth</span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoids in cannabis are naturally synthesized during plant growth, with two biochemical pathways involved. They are abundantly found in plant cells, and their vibrant colors attract pollinating insects while also helping protect the plant from the damaging effects of intense sunlight. Future research will likely focus on the potential medicinal benefits of these compounds in humans.</span></p>
<p data-mce-fragment="1">As the plant matures and the well-known pigment chlorophyll fades, the colors of other cannabis flavonoids become more visible, displaying a variety of autumnal hues. Some of these, such as the anthocyanins that produce purple and blue hues, are particularly prevalent in certain varieties of cannabis.</p>
<p data-mce-fragment="1">Research suggests that trichomes, hair-like outgrowths on plant surfaces, might be associated with flavonoid production. To increase the presence of flavonoids in cannabis plants, it's essential to maintain optimal conditions throughout growth, which involves proper use of nutrients and lighting.</p>
<h2><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoid categorization</span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoids are categorized into six main groups based on their chemical similarities:</span></p>
<ol>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavones: These white or cream-colored compounds have a unique chemical structure compared to other flavonoids.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Anthoxanthins: This group of water-soluble flavonoids generally give off pale creamy, yellow, and white colors in plants.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonones: These are derived from the chemical flavone and are typically aromatic with little color.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Isoflavonoids: Sometimes known as phytoestrogens, these flavonoids can have biological effects via the estrogen receptor.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Chalcones: These compounds, frequently found in teas, fruits, vegetables, and cannabis, are often responsible for bronze colorations in their host plants.</span></li>
<li style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Anthocyanins: These water-soluble pigments can appear as red, purple, blue, or black, depending on pH, and are common in cannabis strains noted for their dark colorations.</span></li>
</ol>
<h2><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">They’re less explored, but attention is growing</span></h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Many people believe that, like terpenes, cannabis flavonoids can influence the type of high experienced by users. They have been less explored than cannabinoids and terpenes in scientific research, but attention is growing as we continue to uncover their potential medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, as well as neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;" data-mce-style="font-weight: 400;">Flavonoids, along with terpenes and cannabinoids, complete the family of active cannabis phytochemical compounds. They play a crucial role in the plant's character and effects. Future pharmaceutical research may reveal significant medical benefits from cannabis flavonoids, with early findings already showing promising possibilities.</span></p>

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<p><b>Cannabis seeds</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Seeds are the foundation of the plant. They must be germinated to sprout and grow a taproot, which then becomes the main root that anchors the cannabis plant.</span></p>
<p><b>Roots</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Roots are the lifelines of the cannabis plant. They pull in water and oxygen for the rest of the plant.</span></p>
<p><b>Cannabis flower</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: The most popular component of the cannabis plant, cannabis flowers are usually in the form of a dense nug, and covered with a frosty layer known as trichomes.</span></p>
<p><b>Trichomes</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Trichomes protect the cannabis plant from stressors and contain resinous glands that create flavonoids, cannabinoids, and<span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">terpenes</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. They look like frost resting on top of the cannabis flower.</span></p>
<p><b>Cannabinoids</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Cannabinoids include CBD, THC, CBG, CBN, and others. Cannabinoids are active compounds of the cannabis plant, responsible for the effects of consumed cannabis.<span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">There are actually<span> </span></span><a href="https://www.thorne.com/take-5-daily/article/plants-as-medicine-are-cannabinoids-the-next-breakthrough-in-plant-medicine"><span style="font-weight: 400;">cannabinoids in many plants</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, including clove, black pepper, Echinacea, broccoli, ginseng, and carrots.<span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fun fact: The human body produces cannabinoids as well through the endocannabinoid system. </span></p>
<p><b>Terpenes</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Terpenes are the aromatic compounds that give cannabis different scents.<span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Terpenes</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span>protect the plant from insects and also drive the effects of consumed cannabis.</span></p>
<p><b>Flavonoids</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Flavonoids are pharmacologically<span> </span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">active compounds in the cannabis plant</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><span> </span>that impact the pigmentation of the plant. They are also known to contribute to the effects of consumed cannabis. </span></p>
<p><b>Colas</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Colas are the main body of the flowered cannabis plant where stems and leaves are attached.</span></p>
<p><b>Stem</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: The stem is the main support structure of the cannabis plant. It receives fluids and nutrients from the roots and then transports these out to the rest of the plant. </span></p>
<p><b>Bracts</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Bracts are small leaves that protect the reproductive cells of the female plant by surrounding and shielding them. The best example: when a female plant is exposed to male pollen, the small leaves move in to surround and protect the cells.</span></p>
<p><b>Nodes</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Nodes are where male plants grow their pollen sacs. They are located where the stem and leaf intersect.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"></span><b>Fan leaves</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Fan leaves are essential to the plant because they enable the plant to receive light, which is essential to their growth and health.</span></p>
<p><b>Sugar leaves</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: Slightly different from fan leaves, sugar leaves are found throughout the colas. They’re typically trimmed off the cannabis flower, so they aren’t seen attached. They’re called sugar leaves because they capture trichomes which cover them up.</span></p>
<p><b>Pistil</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: The pistil contains the reproductive parts of the cannabis flower.</span></p>
<p><b>Stigmas</b><span style="font-weight: 400;">: These are the hair-like strands of the pistil and serve to collect male pollen.</span></p>
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